CSS 551 · Advanced 3D Computer Graphics

Credits and Fair Use

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Use of images

This site is a nonprofit course resource of the University of Washington Bothell. Images are credited where they appear. Most are in the public domain or under open licenses, and each is credited with its author and license.

Some film frames, game screenshots, research-paper figures and historical photographs are used under the fair-use provision of United States copyright law (17 U.S.C. § 107) for teaching, commentary and criticism. Each is shown small, credited to its owner and discussed in the text, following the Code of Best Practices in Fair Use for OpenCourseWare and the Visual Resources Association's Statement on the Fair Use of Images for Teaching, Research, and Study.

Rights holders who object to a use can write to mgav@uw.edu with [CSS 551] in the subject line; the material is removed while the request is reviewed.

Image credits

149 images: public domain (38), open license (62), fair use (49). Renders made for this course are under the course license, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0); see LICENSE.

Public domain 38

FileTitleYearCreditLicenseSource
commons-minard.pngMinard1869Charles Joseph Minard (1781 to 1870); via Wikimedia CommonsPublic domainsource
commons-muybridge-horse.jpgThe Horse in Motion1878Eadweard Muybridge; via Wikimedia CommonsPublic domainsource
commons-rotoscope-patent.pngUS patent 1242674 figure 31915Max Fleischer (patent drawing; artist unknown; cropped and retouched by Rl); via Wikimedia CommonsPublic domainsource
photo-sage-room.jpgSAGE computer room (US Air Force)1958United States Air Force; via Wikimedia CommonsPublic domainsource
photo-sage-console.jpgSAGE console and light gun (CHM)1958Tomwsulcer; via Wikimedia CommonsCC0source
commons-de-casteljau.pngPrincipe algorithme de casteljau1959Marc J; via Wikimedia CommonsCC0source
commons-bresenham.pngBresenham1965Crotalus horridus; via Wikimedia CommonsPublic domainsource
commons-coons-surface.pngExample of coons surface1967Wojciech mula; via Wikimedia CommonsCC0source
photo-computer-space.jpgComputer Space cabinet1971Mbrickn; via Wikimedia CommonsCC0source
commons-d3d-shading-modes.pngD3D Shading Modes1971Lukáš Buričin; via Wikimedia CommonsPublic domainsource
photo-alto.jpgXerox Alto1973Joho345; via Wikimedia CommonsPublic domainsource
commons-sutherland-hodgman.pngSutherland-Hodgman clipping sample1974Wojciech mula; via Wikimedia CommonsPublic domainsource
photo-es-framebuffer.pngE&S Picture System and frame buffer images1975Evans & Sutherland Computer Corp.; via Wikimedia CommonsPublic domainsource
commons-nurbs-surface.pngNURBS surface1975chrschn; via Wikimedia CommonsPublic domainsource
commons-shadow-volume.pngDepth pass shadow volume1977SamVandenBerghe; via Wikimedia CommonsPublic domainsource
commons-catmull-clark-levels.pngCatmull-Clark subdivision 4 planes levels 0-31978Banlu Kemiyatorn; via Wikimedia CommonsCC0source
game-battlezone.pngBattlezone1980US Army (public domain); Battlezone itself by Atari; US Army; http://www.atariage.com/news/Bradley/Public domainsource
commons-fractal-mountain.pngAnimated fractal mountain1982Antonio Miguel de Campos (Tó campos); via Wikimedia CommonsPublic domainsource
commons-particle-fire.jpgParticle sys fire1983Jtsiomb; via Wikimedia CommonsPublic domainsource
commons-alpha-compositing.pngAlpha compositing1984Wereon (SVG); via Wikimedia CommonsPublic domainsource
commons-perlin-octaves.pngPerlin animation 6 octaves1985Morn; via Wikimedia CommonsCC0source
commons-aqsis-teapot.pngAqsis - Utah teapot displacement shader1987Morn; via Wikimedia CommonsCC0source
commons-autocad-1987.jpgMan using AutoCAD (1987)1987Evergreen Systems; via Wikimedia CommonsPublic domainsource
photo-nasa-view.jpgNASA Ames VIEW head-mounted display1990NASA Ames; via Wikimedia CommonsPublic domainsource
commons-cave-crayoland.jpgCAVE Crayoland1992Davepape; via Wikimedia CommonsPublic domainsource
commons-stanford-bunny-qem.pngStanford bunny qem1997Trevorgoodchild; via Wikimedia CommonsPublic domainsource
commons-rigid-soft-cloth.pngRigid soft cloth physics1998Drummyfish; via Wikimedia CommonsCC0source
photo-geforce256-card.jpgVisionTek GeForce 256 DDR card1999Hyins; via Wikimedia CommonsPublic domainsource
site-cad-model.jpgQuasi-poloidal stellarator CAD render2000U.S. Government; via Wikimedia CommonsPublic domainsource
commons-level-set.jpgLevel set method2004Oleg Alexandrov (Olegalexandrov, English Wikipedia); via Wikimedia CommonsPublic domainsource
site-cornell-box.pngCornell box (POV-Ray render)2005SeeSchloss at English Wikipedia; via Wikimedia CommonsPublic domainsource
commons-metaballs.pngMetaballs2007GlydeG; via Wikimedia CommonsPublic domainsource
site-mocap.jpgMotion-capture suit2010Mbrickn; via Wikimedia CommonsCC0source
commons-delaunay-voronoi.pngDelaunay Voronoi2011Hferee; via Wikimedia CommonsPublic domainsource
app-cosmic-buddha.jpgSmithsonian Cosmic Buddha scan texture2016Smithsonian Institution; via Wikimedia CommonsCC0source
site-gallery-1.jpgStable Diffusion: solarpunk city2023Prototyperspective; via Wikimedia CommonsCC0source
app-nasa-black-hole.jpgNASA black hole visualization2024NASA's Scientific Visualization Studio (public domain); via Wikimedia CommonsPublic domainsource
commons-cray-xmp.jpgCray X-MP/24 (serial no. 115) used by NSANSA (National Security Agency); via Wikimedia CommonsPublic domainsource

Open license 62

FileTitleYearCreditLicenseSource
commons-link-trainer.jpgAir Zoo December 2019 073 (Link Trainer)1929Michael Barera; via Wikimedia CommonsCC BY-SA 4.0source
photo-whirlwind-chm.jpgWhirlwind at the Computer History Museum1951Marcin Wichary from San Francisco, Calif.; via Wikimedia CommonsCC BY 2.0source
commons-whirlwind-core.jpg8868-Project-Whirlwind-CRMI1953Dpbsmith; via Wikimedia CommonsCC BY-SA 3.0source
commons-sage-director-console.jpgSAGE Weapons Director Console with light gun 1958 CHM.agr1958ArnoldReinhold; via Wikimedia CommonsCC BY 4.0source
commons-tx2-module.jpgTX-2 mod top1958Jnc; via Wikimedia CommonsCC BY-SA 2.5source
game-spacewar.jpgSpacewar! on the CHM PDP-1 (screen)1962Kenneth Lu; via Wikimedia CommonsCC BY 2.0source
photo-pdp1-spacewar.jpgSpacewar! on the restored PDP-1 (CHM)1962Joi Ito from Inbamura, Japan; via Wikimedia CommonsCC BY 2.0source
photo-sketchpad-lightpen.jpgSketchpad thesis Fig. 4.1: the TX-2 light pen1963Ivan Sutherland (original photograph); scan by Kerry Rodden; via Wikimedia CommonsCC BY-SA 3.0source
commons-sketchpad-fig1-5.pngSketchpadDissertation-Fig1-51963Ivan Sutherland (original plotter output); scan by Kerry Rodden; via Wikimedia CommonsCC BY-SA 3.0source
site-sketchpad.jpgSutherland at the TX-2 running Sketchpad (thesis Fig. 1.2)1963Ivan Sutherland (original photograph); scan by Kerry Rodden; via Wikimedia CommonsCC BY-SA 3.0source
photo-engelbart-mouse.jpgEngelbart's prototype mouse (CHM)1964Michael Hicks from Saint Paul, MN, USA; via Wikimedia CommonsCC BY 2.0source
photo-engelbart-1968.jpgEngelbart at the 1968 demo1968SRI International; via Wikimedia CommonsCC BY-SA 3.0source
photo-es-lds1.jpgEvans & Sutherland LDS-11969vonguard; via Wikimedia CommonsCC BY-SA 2.0source
commons-ibm2250-lightpen.pngHES IBM 2250 light pen grlloyd Oct19691969Gregory Lloyd; via Wikimedia CommonsCC BY-SA 4.0source
photo-ibm2250-hes.jpgIBM 2250 console in use (Brown HES)1969Gregory Lloyd; via Wikimedia CommonsCC BY 2.0source
commons-painters-algorithm.pngPainter's algorithm1972Zapyon; via Wikimedia CommonsCC BY-SA 3.0source
commons-tektronix-4010.jpgTektronix 4010 DSC 00581972Piergiovanna Grossi; via Wikimedia CommonsCC BY-SA 4.0source
photo-superpaint.jpgSuperPaint at the Computer History Museum1973Marshall Astor / Life on the Edge; via Wikimedia CommonsCC BY-SA 2.0source
site-utah-teapot-photo.jpgThe original Utah teapot (CHM)1974Michael Hicks from Saint Paul, MN, USA; via Wikimedia CommonsCC BY 2.0source
commons-z-buffer.jpgZ-buffer no text1974T-tus (English Wikipedia); via Wikimedia CommonsCC BY 2.0source
commons-anti-aliasing-demo.pngAnti-aliasing demo1977trlkly; via Wikimedia CommonsCC BY-SA 3.0source
commons-blinn-phong.pngBlinn phong comparison1977Rainwarrior (English Wikipedia); via Wikimedia CommonsCC BY-SA 3.0source
site-whitted.pngSpheres on a checkerboard (course render)1980Marcel Gavriliu (CSS 551), our renderCC BY-NC-SA 4.0 (course LICENSE); data: original scene
commons-ibm-cga.jpgIBM Color Graphics Adapter1981Malvineous; via Wikimedia CommonsCC BY-SA 4.0source
commons-sgi-ge25a.jpgSGI GE25A Geometry Engine die1982Pauli Rautakorpi; via Wikimedia CommonsCC BY 3.0source
commons-mipmap-example.jpgMipMap Example STS1011983Mulad (English Wikipedia), based on a NASA image; via Wikimedia CommonsCC BY-SA 3.0source
commons-path-tracing-001.pngPath tracing 0011986Qutorial; via Wikimedia CommonsCC BY-SA 4.0source
photo-pixar-image-computer.jpgPixar Image Computer1986Adam Schuster from Orlando, FL, USA; via Wikimedia CommonsCC BY 2.0source
site-sgi-onyx.jpgSGI Onyx deskside workstation1993Retro-Computing Society of Rhode Island; via Wikimedia CommonsCC BY-SA 4.0source
commons-n7771-geneva.jpgBoeing Boeing 777-200; N7771@GVA;09.09.1995 (6084007364)1995Aero Icarus from Zürich, Switzerland; via Wikimedia CommonsCC BY-SA 2.0source
photo-voodoo.jpg3dfx Voodoo Graphics card1996Dennis Lamczak; via Wikimedia CommonsCC BY-SA 3.0source
commons-l-system-tree.jpgL-system Tree071999Nevit Dilmen; via Wikimedia CommonsCC BY-SA 3.0source
commons-csg-tree.pngCsg tree2005Zottie; via Wikimedia CommonsCC BY-SA 3.0source
app-hdr-exposures.jpgHDR exposure bracket with a light probe2006Imroy (original uploader, English Wikipedia); via Wikimedia CommonsCC BY-SA 2.5source
commons-alvy-ray-smith.jpgAlvy Ray Smith closeup portrait2007Alvy Ray Smith; via Wikimedia CommonsCC BY-SA 3.0source
commons-dennis-muren.jpgDennis Muren2007lukeford.net; via Wikimedia CommonsCC BY-SA 2.5source
site-film-bbb.pngBig Buck Bunny (still)2008Film: Blender Foundation (www.bigbuckbunny.org); screenshot: User:Church of emacs; via Wikimedia CommonsCC BY 3.0source
site-film-sintel.jpgSintel (still)2010Blender Foundation; © copyright Blender Foundation www.sintel.org; https://www.sintel.org/CC BY 3.0source
commons-worley.jpgWorley2012Rocchini; via Wikimedia CommonsCC BY-SA 3.0source
site-stanford-bunny-photo.jpgA 3D-printed Stanford bunny2013funnypolynomial; via Wikimedia CommonsCC BY 2.0source
commons-gooch-bunny.pngBunny With Gooch Shading2013Eduardo Graells-Garrido, Maria-Cecilia Rivara; via Wikimedia CommonsCC BY-SA 3.0source
commons-ed-catmull.jpgEd Catmull, ETL 20142014Steve Jurvetson; via Wikimedia CommonsCC BY 2.0source
paper-dngr-ccby.pngJames, von Tunzelmann, Franklin, Thorne: DNGR diagrams
Fig. 1 (mapping of the camera local sky onto the celestial sphere via a backward ray; ray-bundle evolution), PDF p. 6 (printed p. 6)
2015Oliver James, Eugénie von Tunzelmann, Paul Franklin and Kip S. Thorne, "Gravitational lensing by spinning black holes in astrophysics, and in the movie Interstellar," Classical and Quantum Gravity 32(6):065001, 2015, doi:10.1088/0264-9381/32/6/065001; owner: the authors (IOP Publishing, Classical and Quantum Gravity)CC BY 3.0source
commons-letterman-ilm.jpgLetterman Digital Arts Center, Building B2015Frank Schulenburg; via Wikimedia CommonsCC BY-SA 4.0source
site-game-stk.jpgSuperTuxKart 0.9 (screenshot)2015SuperTuxKart team; STK dev team; http://supertuxkart.sourceforge.net/Screenshots_OldCC BY 3.0source
commons-wdas-building.jpgWalt Disney Animation Studios, south side2015Coolcaesar; via Wikimedia CommonsCC BY-SA 4.0source
commons-pixar-hq.jpgPixar's headquarters in Emeryville2016Sharon Hahn Darlin; via Wikimedia CommonsCC BY 2.0source
commons-gonioreflectometer.jpgTraditional Gonioreflectometer2016EditorErin; via Wikimedia CommonsCC BY-SA 4.0source
site-ct-volume.pngVolume vs cinematic rendering of a CT scan2016Franz A. Fellner; via Wikimedia CommonsCC BY 4.0source
commons-rtx-2080.jpg2023 MSI GeForce RTX 2080 Gaming X Trio (5)2018Jacek Halicki; via Wikimedia CommonsCC BY-SA 4.0source
site-point-cloud.pngLidar point cloud, San Francisco2019Daniel L. Lu; via Wikimedia CommonsCC BY 4.0source
commons-denoising-diffusion.pngExample of Denoising Diffusion models2020MrAlanKoh; via Wikimedia CommonsCC BY-SA 4.0source
paper-nerf-commons.jpgNeRF pipeline figure (Commons, MIT)2020Mildenhall, Srinivasan, Tancik, Barron, Ramamoorthi, Ng (the NeRF authors); via Wikimedia CommonsMITsource
site-game-0ad.jpg0 A.D. alpha 25 (screenshot)2021Wildfire Games; Wildfire Games; Screenshot of 0 A.D.CC BY-SA 3.0source
site-gi-comparison.pngClassical radiosity example: direct only and full2022KaiaVintr, via Wikimedia CommonsCC BY-SA 4.0source
paper-3dgs.pngKerbl et al.: 3D Gaussian splatting2023Kerbl, Kopanas, Leimkühler, Drettakis (Inria, Université Côte d’Azur, MPI-Inf); teaser figure from the arXiv source, CC BY 4.0CC BY 4.0 (arXiv version)source
game-freedoom.pngFreedoom (Doom-engine game with free assets)2024Antimundo; Antimundo; Own workCC BY-SA 4.0source
site-sim-cloth.pngCloth on a sphere (course simulation)2026Marcel Gavriliu (CSS 551), our renderCC BY-NC-SA 4.0 (course LICENSE); data: original
commons-proog-with.jpgBlender3D ProogWithBumpColSoylentGreen; via Wikimedia CommonsCC BY 2.5source
commons-proog-without.jpgBlender3D ProogWithoutTexturesSoylentGreen; via Wikimedia CommonsCC BY 2.5source
commons-forensic-face.jpgForensic Facial Reconstruction of St. Catherine of GenuaFFR by Cicero Moraes (Arc-Team), 3D data acquisition by Alessandro Bezzi (Arc-Team), historical research by Luca Bezzi (Arc-Team); via Wikimedia CommonsCC BY 4.0source
commons-scan-to-bim.jpgScan-to-BIM Mechanical RoomOregon State University; via Wikimedia CommonsCC BY-SA 2.0source

Fair use 49

FileTitleYearCreditLicenseSource
paper-sketchpad.pngSketchpad (Sutherland), AFIPS paper
Fig. 1.6 (four positions of a constrained linkage; number shows length of dotted line), PDF p. 26 (facsimile p. 26; originally thesis p. 20)
1963Ivan E. Sutherland, "Sketchpad: A man-machine graphical communication system," Ph.D. thesis, MIT, 1963; facsimile reissued as University of Cambridge Computer Laboratory Technical Report UCAM-CL-TR-574, 2003; owner: ACM (AFIPS proceedings)fair usesource
photo-rand-tablet.pngRAND Tablet
Fig. 1 (complete system in operation), rotated upright, PDF p. 6, printed p. 2
1964M. R. Davis and T. O. Ellis, "The RAND Tablet: a man-machine graphical communication device," RAND RM-4122-ARPA, Aug 1964 (DTIC AD0444103), Fig. 1 "Complete system in operation"; owner: RAND Corporationfair usesource
photo-sword-of-damocles.jpgThe Sword of Damocles head-mounted display
Fig. 2 (the HMD optics on a wearer), p. 758
1968Ivan E. Sutherland, "A head-mounted three dimensional display," AFIPS FJCC 1968, Fig. 2; owner: ACM (AFIPS proceedings), photo by Sutherland's Harvard group; scan via the TECHNES encyclopedia (Universite de Montreal) collection on archive.orgfair usesource
paper-catmull.pngCatmull: curved surfaces, texture-mapped patches
Picture 18 (brick image texture-mapped onto a rounded patch, a stretched patch, an S-curved patch and a cylinder of four patches), PDF p. 81 (handwritten p. 74)
1974Edwin Catmull, "A Subdivision Algorithm for Computer Display of Curved Surfaces," Ph.D. thesis, University of Utah, UTEC-CSc-74-133, December 1974 (DTIC ADA004968); owner: ACM (reprint; Univ. of Utah thesis)fair usesource
paper-phong.pngPhong: illumination for computer generated pictures
Fig. 4.12 (molecule with Warnock, Warnock with highlighting, Gouraud, and Phong improved shading), PDF p. 65 (printed p. 59, approx.)
1975Bui Tuong Phong, "Illumination for Computer-Generated Images," Ph.D. thesis, University of Utah, UTEC-CSc-73-129, July 1973 (DTIC ADA008786); owner: ACMfair usesource
paper-cook-torrance.jpgCook and Torrance: a reflectance model
Fig. 6 ((a) copper-colored plastic vase, (b) copper vase), PDF p. 14 (printed p. 20)
1982Robert L. Cook and Kenneth E. Torrance, "A Reflectance Model for Computer Graphics," ACM Transactions on Graphics 1(1):7-24, January 1982; owner: ACMfair usesource
film-genesis.jpgStar Trek II: the Genesis Effect1982Paramount Pictures; effect by the Lucasfilm Computer Division; frame from the ILM project pagefair usesource
paper-reeves.jpgReeves: particle systems
Fig. 5 (expanding wall of fire, Genesis sequence), PDF p. 11 (printed p. 369)
1983William T. Reeves, "Particle Systems: A Technique for Modeling a Class of Fuzzy Objects," ACM Transactions on Graphics 2(2):91-108, April 1983; also Computer Graphics (SIGGRAPH 83) 17(3):359-376; owner: ACMfair usesource
paper-distributed-rt.jpgCook, Porter, Carpenter: distributed ray tracing ("1984")
Fig. 8 ("1984"), PDF p. 9 (printed p. 145)
1984Robert L. Cook, Thomas Porter and Loren Carpenter, "Distributed Ray Tracing," Computer Graphics (SIGGRAPH 84) 18(3):137-145, July 1984; owner: ACM (frame: Lucasfilm / Pixar)fair usesource
paper-cornell-box.jpgGoral et al.: the Cornell box
the original Cornell box simulation (as shown on the Cornell PCG history page), n/a (web image, 512x480, unmodified)
1984Cindy M. Goral, Kenneth E. Torrance, Donald P. Greenberg and Bennett Battaile, "Modeling the Interaction of Light Between Diffuse Surfaces," Computer Graphics (SIGGRAPH 84) 18(3):213-222, July 1984; owner: ACMfair usesource
paper-perlin.pngPerlin: an image synthesizer
marble vase image (the procedural-texture vase associated with the paper), n/a (web image, 303x492, unmodified, converted GIF to PNG)
1985Ken Perlin, "An Image Synthesizer," Computer Graphics (SIGGRAPH 85) 19(3):287-296, July 1985; owner: ACMfair usesource
film-young-sherlock.jpgYoung Sherlock Holmes: the stained-glass knight1985Paramount Pictures; Industrial Light & Magic project pagefair usesource
film-luxo.jpgLuxo Jr.1986Pixar (The Walt Disney Company); Pixar Animation Studiosfair usesource
paper-reyes.pngCook, Carpenter, Catmull: Reyes
Fig. 4 ((a) sphere split into patches and one patch diced into an 8x8 grid of micropolygons; (b) the grid in screen space with jittered samples), PDF p. 5 (printed p. 99)
1987Robert L. Cook, Loren Carpenter and Edwin Catmull, "The Reyes Image Rendering Architecture," Computer Graphics (SIGGRAPH 87) 21(4):95-102, July 1987; owner: ACM (image: Lucasfilm / Pixar)fair usesource
paper-radiosity-factory.jpgRadiosity factory1988Michael F. Cohen, Shenchang Eric Chen, John R. Wallace, Donald P. Greenberg; Cornell University Program of Computer Graphicsfair usesource
film-tin-toy.jpgTin Toy: the baby1988Pixar (The Walt Disney Company); Pixar Animation Studiosfair usesource
film-abyss.jpgThe Abyss: the water pseudopod198920th Century Studios (The Walt Disney Company); Industrial Light & Magic project pagefair usesource
film-t2.jpgTerminator 2: the T-10001991StudioCanal (successor to Carolco Pictures); Industrial Light & Magic project pagefair usesource
game-wolf3d.pngWolfenstein 3D1992id Software (ZeniMax Media, Microsoft); Wikipedia uploader Peter Samuels; source: The image may be obtained from id Softwarefair usesource
game-doom.pngDoom1993id Software (ZeniMax Media, Microsoft); Wikipedia uploader QuasarTE; source: Screenshot of Doomfair usesource
film-jurassic.jpgJurassic Park: the T. rex in the rain1993Universal Pictures (Amblin Entertainment); Industrial Light & Magic project pagefair usesource
film-toy-story.jpgToy Story: Woody and Buzz1995Pixar (The Walt Disney Company); Pixar Animation Studiosfair usesource
paper-debevec-facade.jpgDebevec, Taylor, Malik: Facade and the Campanile
Fig. 2 ((a) photograph of the Campanile with marked edges, (b) recovered model, (c) model reprojected, (d) synthetic view-dependent rendering), PDF p. 4 (printed p. 4, preprint)
1996Paul E. Debevec, Camillo J. Taylor and Jitendra Malik, "Modeling and Rendering Architecture from Photographs: A Hybrid Geometry- and Image-Based Approach," Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 96, pp. 11-20, 1996; owner: ACMfair usesource
paper-light-field.jpgLevoy and Hanrahan: light field rendering
Fig. 6 (two visualizations of a light field: uv array of st images and st array of uv images, with the two-plane diagrams), PDF p. 4 (printed p. 4)
1996Marc Levoy and Pat Hanrahan, "Light Field Rendering," Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 96, pp. 31-42, 1996; owner: ACMfair usesource
game-quake.pngQuake: lightmaps1996id Software (ZeniMax Media, Microsoft); Wikipedia uploader Big Blue Gnu; source: Taken in Quake 1.08 for DOS inside DOSBox-X, using the game's native F12 function to produce the PCX file.fair usesource
film-titanic.jpgTitanic: digital passengers on the deck1997Paramount Pictures and 20th Century Studios; Digital Domain project pagefair usesource
paper-debevec-ibl.jpgDebevec: rendering synthetic objects into real scenes (light probes)
Fig. 4 (synthetic objects lit by two different environments; the light-probe image is inset at upper left of each), PDF p. 4 (printed p. 4, preprint)
1998Paul Debevec, "Rendering Synthetic Objects into Real Scenes: Bridging Traditional and Image-Based Graphics with Global Illumination and High Dynamic Range Photography," Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 98, pp. 189-198, 1998; owner: ACMfair usesource
film-final-fantasy.jpgFinal Fantasy: The Spirits Within: Aki Ross2001Square Enix / Columbia Pictures (rights holder not verified); Wikipedia uploader Kung Fu Man; source: Press packets released to the mediafair usesource
film-monsters-inc.jpgMonsters, Inc.: Sulley's fur2001Pixar (The Walt Disney Company); Pixar Animation Studiosfair usesource
film-gollum.jpgThe Two Towers: Gollum2002New Line Cinema (Warner Bros.); Weta FX Gollum case study galleryfair usesource
film-lotr-massive.jpgThe Two Towers: Helm's Deep crowds2002New Line Cinema (Warner Bros.); Weta FX video page poster imagefair usesource
game-doom3.jpgDoom 3: stencil shadows and normal maps2004id Software (ZeniMax Media, Microsoft); Wikipedia uploader DatBot; source: Video-game or computer emulatorfair usesource
game-hl2.jpgHalf-Life 2: radiosity normal mapping2004Valve Corporation; Wikipedia uploader Ronjones; source: An in-game screenshotfair usesource
film-davy-jones.jpgPirates of the Caribbean: Davy Jones2006The Walt Disney Company; Industrial Light & Magic project pagefair usesource
paper-valve-source.pngValve: Shading in Valve's Source Engine (SIGGRAPH 2006 course)
Fig. 3 (radiosity normal mapping basis), PDF p. 4 (printed p. 8-4)
2006Jason Mitchell, Gary McTaggart and Chris Green, "Shading in Valve's Source Engine," SIGGRAPH 2006 course "Advanced Real-Time Rendering in 3D Graphics and Games," Chapter 8, 2006; owner: Valve Corporationfair usesource
game-crysis.jpgCrysis: jungle lighting2007Crytek; Wikipedia uploader DatBot; source: Self-taken in-game.fair usesource
film-benjamin-button.jpgThe Curious Case of Benjamin Button: the aged head2008Paramount Pictures and Warner Bros.; Digital Domain project pagefair usesource
film-avatar.jpgAvatar: performance capture on the volume200920th Century Studios (The Walt Disney Company); Wikipedia uploader DatBot; source: http://www.movieline.com/2009/12/new-avatar-set-photo-reveals-how-to-emote-in-blue.phpfair usesource
film-frozen.jpgFrozen: snow2013The Walt Disney Company; Walt Disney Animation Studios publication page (Stomakhin et al. 2013)fair usesource
film-gravity.jpgGravity: the light box2013Warner Bros. Entertainment; Framestore case study headerfair usesource
paper-mpm-snow.jpgStomakhin et al.: material point method for snow
Fig. 1 (rolling snowball, frames 0-186), PDF p. 1 (printed 102:1)
2013Alexey Stomakhin, Craig Schroeder, Lawrence Chai, Joseph Teran and Andrew Selle, "A Material Point Method for Snow Simulation," ACM Transactions on Graphics 32(4), Article 102 (SIGGRAPH 2013), July 2013; owner: ACM (Disney)fair usesource
film-interstellar.pngInterstellar: Gargantua2014Warner Bros. Entertainment and Paramount Pictures; Wikipedia uploader Theo's Little Bot; source: Original publication: interstellarfilm.wikia.com Immediate source: https://interstellarfilm.wikia.com/wiki/Gargantuafair usesource
film-finding-dory.jpgFinding Dory2016Disney/Pixar; frame from the trailer still on the Pixar film pagefair usesource
film-mandalorian.jpgThe Mandalorian: StageCraft LED volume2019Lucasfilm Ltd. (The Walt Disney Company); Industrial Light & Magic project pagefair usesource
paper-ddpm.pngHo, Jain, Abbeel: DDPM
Fig. 2 (the directed graphical model: forward q and reverse p_theta chain from x_T noise to x_0), arXiv source file images/pgm_diagram_xarrow_small.pdf (Fig. 2 in the paper)
2020Jonathan Ho, Ajay Jain and Pieter Abbeel, "Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Models," NeurIPS 2020; arXiv:2006.11239; owner: the authorsfair usesource
paper-nerf.pngMildenhall et al.: NeRF
Fig. 2 (pipeline: 5D input, MLP F_Theta, volume rendering, rendering loss), arXiv source file figs/pipeline_v2_small.pdf (Fig. 2 in the paper)
2020Ben Mildenhall, Pratul P. Srinivasan, Matthew Tancik, Jonathan T. Barron, Ravi Ramamoorthi and Ren Ng, "NeRF: Representing Scenes as Neural Radiance Fields for View Synthesis," ECCV 2020; arXiv:2003.08934; owner: the authors (Springer, ECCV)fair usesource
film-way-of-water.jpgAvatar: The Way of Water: underwater capture202220th Century Studios (The Walt Disney Company); Weta FX share imagefair usesource
site-bonsai-splat.pngBonsai Gaussian splat (Mip-NeRF 360 scene)2022scene photos: Barron et al. 2022 (Google Research); splat: dylanebert; course render ls-bonsai.pngfair usesource
game-cyberpunk-rt.jpgCyberpunk 2077: RT Overdrive path tracing2023CD Projekt; NVIDIA GeForce news (screenshot by NVIDIA)fair usesource